Kubvisa mvura yegungwa kwave kurota kwaiteverwa nevanhu kwemazana emakore, uye kwave kune nyaya uye ngano dzekubvisa munyu kubva mumvura yegungwa munguva dzekare. Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwehunyanzvi hwekubvisa mvura yegungwa mugungwa kwakatanga munzvimbo yakaoma yeMiddle East, asi haina kuganhurirwa mudunhu iroro. Nekuda kweinopfuura 70% yevagari vepasi vanogara mukati memakiromita zana nemakumi maviri egungwa, tekinoroji yekuchenesa mvura yegungwa yakakurumidza kushandiswa munyika zhinji nematunhu ari kunze kweMiddle East mumakore makumi maviri apfuura.

Asi kusvikira muzana remakore rechi16 vanhu vakatanga kuedza kuchera mvura yakachena kubva mumvura yegungwa. Panguva iyoyo, vaongorori vokuEurope vaishandisa choto chaiva mungarava kubika mvura yomugungwa kuti vabudise mvura yakachena mukati menzendo dzavo refu. Kupisa mvura yegungwa kuti ibudise mhute yemvura, kutonhora uye kudzoreredza kuti uwane mvura yakachena chiitiko chezuva nezuva uye kutanga kwehunyanzvi hwekubvisa mvura yegungwa.

Kubviswa kwemunyu kwemazuva ano kwemvura yegungwa kwakangotanga mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Mushure mehondo, nekuda kwekusimudzira kwakasimba kweoiri nedhorobha repasi rose muMiddle East, hupfumi hwedunhu hwakakura nekukurumidza uye huwandu hwayo hwakawedzera nekukurumidza. Kudiwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura yakachena munzvimbo iyi yaimbova yakaoma kwakaramba kuchiwedzera zuva nezuva. Iyo yakasarudzika nzvimbo nenzvimbo uye mamiriro ekunze eMiddle East, pamwe chete neakawanda simba zviwanikwa, yakaita kuti mvura yegungwa ibviswe munyu sarudzo inoshanda yekugadzirisa dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemvura yakachena mudunhu, uye vakaisa mberi zvinodiwa zvemichina mikuru yemvura yegungwa yekubvisa salination. .

Kubva kuma1950s, tekinoroji yekuchenesa mvura yegungwa yakawedzera kukura kwayo nekuwedzera kwedambudziko rezviwanikwa zvemvura. Pakati peanopfuura makumi maviri matekinoroji ekubvisa munyu akagadzirwa, distillation, electrodialysis, uye reverse osmosis zvese zvasvika padanho rekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasirese.

Mukutanga kwema1960, tekinoroji yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana yekubvisa mvura yegungwa yemvura yegungwa yakabuda, uye indasitiri yemazuva ano yekuchenesa mvura yegungwa yakapinda munguva inokurumidza kukura.

Kune anopfuura makumi maviri epasi rose emvura yegungwa desalination matekinoroji, anosanganisira reverse osmosis, yakaderera yakawanda kushanda, multi-stage flash evaporation, electrodialysis, pressurized steam distillation, dew point evaporation, hydropower cogeneration, kupisa firimu cogeneration, uye kushandiswa kwesimba renyukireya, simba rezuva, simba remhepo, tidal simba remvura yegungwa desalination tekinoroji, pamwe neakawanda pre-ekurapa uye mushure mekurapa maitiro akadai se microfiltration, ultrafiltration, uye nanofiltration.

Kubva pane yakafara kupatsanura maonero, inogona kunyanya kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: distillation (thermal nzira) uye membrane nzira. Pakati pazvo, yakaderera multi-effect distillation, multi-stage flash evaporation, uye reverse osmosis membrane nzira ndiwo matekinoroji epasi rese. Kazhinji kutaura, kushomeka kwakawanda kune zvakanakira kuchengetedza simba, zvakaderera zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa mvura yegungwa, uye mhando yepamusoro yemvura yakabviswa munyu; Iyo reverse osmosis membrane nzira ine zvakanakira kuderera kwekudyara uye kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, asi inoda zvakanyanya zvinodikanwa zvemvura yegungwa pretreatment; Iyo yakawanda-nhanho flash evaporation nzira ine zvakanakira senge tekinoroji yakakura, kushanda kwakavimbika, uye hombe yemudziyo kubuda, asi ine yakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba. Zvinowanzotendwa kuti kuderera kwekuita distillation uye reverse osmosis membrane nzira ndiwo mafambiro emangwana.