• Abstract
  Mvura yakasviba ine munyu wakanyanya, inogadzirwa kubva mumaindasitiri akadai sekuchenesa oiri, kugadzira makemikari, uye desanation zvidyarwa, zvinounza matambudziko makuru ezvemamiriro ekunze uye ehupfumi nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo kwakaoma uye nemunyu wakawanda. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekurapa, dzinosanganisira evaporation uye membrane filtration, dzinowanzo kunetseka nekusashanda kwesimba kana kusvibiswa kwechipiri. Iko kushandiswa kweion-membrane electrolysis senzira itsva yekurapa yakakwira-munyu tsvina. Nekusimudzira misimboti ye electrochemical uye yakasarudzika ion-exchange membranes, tekinoroji iyi inopa mhinduro dzinogona kudzoserwa munyu, kushatisa organic, uye kuchenesa mvura. Maitiro ekutakura ion-selective, kugona kwesimba, uye scalability zvinokurukurwa, pamwe nematambudziko akadai semembrane fouling uye corrosion. Zvidzidzo zvenyaya uye kufambira mberi kwazvino kunosimbisa basa rinovimbisa reion-membrane electrolyzers mukuchengetedza mvura yetsvina.

• 1. Nhanganyaya*
  Mvura yakasviba-yakakwirira-munyu, inoratidzwa neyakanyungudutswa yakanyungudutswa inodarika 5,000 mg/L, inyaya yakakomba mumaindasitiri uko kushandiswazve kwemvura uye zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) zvinoiswa pamberi. Kurapa kwakajairika senge reverse osmosis (RO) uye kupisa kwekupisa kunotarisana nekugumira mukubata yakakwira saline mamiriro, zvichitungamira kumitengo yakakwira yekushanda uye kukanganisa membrane. Ion-membrane electrolysis, yakatanga kugadzirirwa kugadzirwa kwechlor-alkali, yakabuda seimwe nzira inogoneka. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandisa ion-selective membranes kuparadzanisa uye kutonga ion kutama panguva ye electrolysis, ichigonesa kucheneswa kwemvura panguva imwe chete uye kudzoreredza zviwanikwa.

• 2. Nheyo yeIon-Membrane Electrolysis*
  Iyo ion-membrane electrolyzer ine anode, cathode, uye cation-exchange membrane kana anion-exchange membrane. Panguva ye electrolysis:
• Cation-Exchange Membrane:Inobvumira cations (semuenzaniso, Na⁺, Ca²⁺) kuti ipfuure uchivharira anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻), ichitungamira ion kutama yakanangana nemagetsi.
• Electrochemical Reactions:
• Anode:Oxidation ye chloride ions inogadzira chlorine gasi uye hypochlorite, iyo inoshatisa organics uye kuuraya mvura mumvura.
  2Cl−→Cl2+2e−2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻2Cl−→Cl2+2e−
• Cathode:Kuderedzwa kwemvura kunogadzira hydrogen gasi uye hydroxide ions, inosimudzira pH uye inosimudzira kunaya kwesimbi ions.
  2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂ + 2OH⁻2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−
• Kupatsanurwa kwemunyu:Iyo membrane inofambisa sarudzo yekutakura ion, ichigonesa kunyura kwebrine uye kudzoreredza kwemvura yakachena.

3. Zvikumbiro muHigh-Salinity Wastewater Treatment*
a.Kudzoreredza Munyu uye Brine Valorization
Ion-membrane masisitimu anogona kutarisisa hova dzebrine (semuenzaniso, kubva kuRO kuramba) yemunyu crystallization kana sodium hydroxide kugadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, zvidyarwa zvekubvisa mvura yegungwa zvinogona kudzoreredza NaCl sechigadzirwa.

b.Organic Pollutant Degradation
Electrochemical oxidation paanode inotyora refractory organics kuburikidza neokisijeni yakasimba seClO⁻ uye HOCl. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza 90% kubviswa kwe phenolic komisheni mune yakateedzerwa HSW.

c.Heavy Metal Removal
Mamiriro ealkaline pa cathode anokonzera kunaya kwe hydroxide yesimbi (semuenzaniso, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺), kuwana > 95% yekubvisa kunyatsoita.

d.Kuchenesa Mvura
Miedzo yepilot-scale inoratidza mwero wekudzoreredza mvura yakachena inopfuura 80% ine conductivity yakaderedzwa kubva pa150,000 µS/cm kusvika <1,000 µS/cm.